我国医务工作者对艾滋病的诊治经验不多,因此提高对HIV感染的认识很有必要。据报道,在AIDS 患者中,98

%存在营养不良。[1]为此,本文结合近期文献对HIV 感染或艾滋病患者的营养不良发生机理、营养评估及其处理对策综述如下。

1 营养不良发生机理

发生营养不良主要有三个方面的原因:即经口摄入减少,物质代谢改变以及营养成分吸收障碍。

1. 1 经口摄入减少

1. 2 物质代谢的改变

1. 3 吸收障碍

2 营养状况的评估

2. 1 病史

2. 2 食欲

2. 3 体重和身体各部位的测量

2. 4 生化检验

3 营养不良的护理

3. 1 病因护理

3. 1. 1 摄入减少

3. 1. 2 物质代谢改变

3. 1. 3 营养吸收障碍

3. 2 临床护理

3. 2. 1 对症护理

3. 2. 2 一般营养指导

3. 3 心理护理

3. 4 体育锻炼

参考文献

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